Hemoglobin (Hb)
Hemoglobin is a protein found inside red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to every tissue in the body. It also picks up carbon dioxide from tissues and delivers it back to the lungs for exhalation. Hemoglobin levels are one of the most commonly tested blood parameters and are central to diagnosing anemia and other blood disorders.
Reference Ranges
Male
13.5 – 17.5
g/dL
Female
12 – 15.5
g/dL
Child
11 – 14
g/dL
Ages 6–12
Reference ranges may vary by laboratory. Always compare with the range printed on your lab report.
What Low Levels Mean
Low hemoglobin — called anemia — can cause fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, dizziness, and pale skin. The most common cause worldwide is iron deficiency, but it can also result from vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, chronic kidney disease, blood loss, or bone marrow disorders.
What High Levels Mean
High hemoglobin (polycythemia) may be caused by dehydration, chronic lung disease, living at high altitude, or bone marrow disorders like polycythemia vera. It increases blood viscosity and raises the risk of blood clots, stroke, and heart attack.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a normal hemoglobin level?
For adult males, 13.5–17.5 g/dL is considered normal. For adult females, 12.0–15.5 g/dL. Children's ranges vary by age — your lab report will usually show the age-specific reference range.
What foods help increase hemoglobin?
Iron-rich foods like spinach, lentils (dal), beetroot, pomegranate, red meat, and fortified cereals can help. Pairing them with vitamin C (lemon, amla) improves iron absorption. Avoid tea or coffee with meals as they inhibit iron uptake.
When should I worry about low hemoglobin?
Hemoglobin below 7 g/dL is considered severe anemia and may require a blood transfusion. Mild anemia (10–12 g/dL in women, 10–13 g/dL in men) often responds well to dietary changes and supplements. Always consult your doctor for persistent low values.
This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor for interpretation of your test results.
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