HOMA-IR (Insulin Resistance Index)
HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) is a calculation from fasting insulin and fasting glucose: (insulin × glucose) ÷ 405 if glucose is in mg/dL. It is a simple, non-invasive surrogate for the gold-standard euglycemic clamp. HOMA-IR is widely used in PCOS, metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and research studies — especially in India where metabolic syndrome is common at normal BMI.
Reference Ranges
Male
0.5 – 1.9
index
Female
0.5 – 1.9
index
Child
Consult pediatrician
Reference ranges may vary by laboratory. Always compare with the range printed on your lab report.
What Low Levels Mean
HOMA-IR below 1.9 indicates normal insulin sensitivity — cells respond well to insulin, and the pancreas is not overproducing. This is the desirable range.
What High Levels Mean
HOMA-IR of 2.0–2.9 is borderline insulin resistance; 3.0 and above is significant insulin resistance. High values strongly predict progression to type 2 diabetes and are almost universal in PCOS, metabolic syndrome, and central obesity. Treatment focuses on weight loss, exercise, and — when appropriate — metformin.
Frequently Asked Questions
What cutoff defines insulin resistance?
Cutoffs vary by population. International research typically uses HOMA-IR above 2.5, but Indian studies have suggested above 1.9–2.1 given higher insulin resistance at lower BMI in South Asians. Your lab report will show the cutoff used. The trend over time matters more than a single value.
Can HOMA-IR be used to diagnose diabetes?
No. HOMA-IR cannot diagnose diabetes on its own — it is a research and risk-stratification tool, not a diagnostic test. Fasting glucose, HbA1c, and oral glucose tolerance are required for diagnosis. A high HOMA-IR with normal glucose means prediabetic insulin resistance, which is a reason to start lifestyle changes.
How can I reduce my HOMA-IR?
Weight loss of even 5–7% improves insulin sensitivity substantially. Strength training and high-intensity interval exercise are especially effective. Reducing refined carbohydrates and added sugars, getting adequate sleep, and managing stress all help. Metformin lowers HOMA-IR and is often used in PCOS and prediabetes.
Related Hormones tests
See all →Insulin (Fasting / Random)
Pancreatic hormone that controls blood sugar.
µIU/mLHormonesBeta-hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
Pregnancy hormone — also a tumor marker for certain cancers.
mIU/mLHormonesSex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)
Protein that binds sex hormones in blood, controlling their availability.
nmol/LHormonesTotal Testosterone
Total blood level of the main male sex hormone.
ng/dLThis information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor for interpretation of your test results.
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