Uric Acid
Uric acid is produced when the body breaks down purines, substances found naturally in the body and in certain foods (organ meats, shellfish, beer). Normally, uric acid dissolves in blood, is filtered by kidneys, and exits in urine. When the body produces too much or the kidneys excrete too little, uric acid builds up and can form crystals in joints (gout) or kidneys (stones).
Reference Ranges
Male
3.5 – 7.2
mg/dL
Female
2.6 – 6
mg/dL
Child
2 – 5.5
mg/dL
Ages 1–12
Reference ranges may vary by laboratory. Always compare with the range printed on your lab report.
What Low Levels Mean
Low uric acid is uncommon and usually not a clinical concern. It may be seen in Wilson's disease, Fanconi syndrome, or with certain medications. Very low levels have been weakly associated with neurodegenerative diseases in research studies.
What High Levels Mean
High uric acid (hyperuricemia) can cause gout — sudden, severe joint pain, most commonly in the big toe. It also increases the risk of kidney stones, and is associated with hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Not everyone with high uric acid develops symptoms.
Frequently Asked Questions
What foods increase uric acid?
High-purine foods include organ meats (liver, kidney), red meat, shellfish, sardines, anchovies, and beer. Fructose (in sugary drinks) also raises uric acid. Moderate-purine foods include chicken, legumes, and spinach — these are fine in moderation.
Can high uric acid exist without gout?
Yes, this is called asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Many people have elevated uric acid for years without developing gout. However, the risk of gout increases with higher levels and longer duration. Lifestyle changes are recommended even without symptoms.
How is gout treated?
Acute gout attacks are treated with anti-inflammatory drugs (colchicine, NSAIDs, or steroids). Long-term management uses uric acid-lowering drugs (allopurinol, febuxostat) and dietary changes. The target is to bring uric acid below 6 mg/dL to dissolve existing crystals.
This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor for interpretation of your test results.
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