HDL Cholesterol
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) acts as a scavenger, picking up excess cholesterol from artery walls and transporting it back to the liver for disposal. Higher HDL levels are associated with lower cardiovascular risk. HDL is often called 'good' cholesterol because it actively reverses the damage caused by LDL.
Reference Ranges
Male
40 – 100
mg/dL
Female
50 – 100
mg/dL
Child
45 – 100
mg/dL
Ages 2–18
Reference ranges may vary by laboratory. Always compare with the range printed on your lab report.
What Low Levels Mean
Low HDL (below 40 in men, below 50 in women) is an independent risk factor for heart disease, even if LDL is normal. Causes include sedentary lifestyle, smoking, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and genetic factors. Low HDL is common in Indians.
What High Levels Mean
Higher HDL is generally protective. However, extremely high HDL (above 100 mg/dL) may not provide additional benefit and in rare genetic variants can actually be dysfunctional. For most people, HDL in the 50–80 range is excellent.
Frequently Asked Questions
How can I raise my HDL?
Regular aerobic exercise (30 minutes, 5 days/week) is the most effective way — it can raise HDL by 5–10%. Quitting smoking raises HDL by up to 10%. Moderate alcohol (controversial), healthy fats (olive oil, nuts, avocado), and weight loss also help.
Why do women tend to have higher HDL?
Estrogen raises HDL levels, so premenopausal women typically have higher HDL than men. After menopause, HDL often drops and cardiovascular risk increases. This is one reason heart disease risk rises in women after menopause.
Can medication raise HDL?
Statins modestly raise HDL (5–15%). Niacin (vitamin B3) can raise HDL significantly but has side effects. No drug targeting HDL specifically has been proven to reduce heart attacks. Lifestyle changes remain the primary approach.
This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor for interpretation of your test results.
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