DHEAS (Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate)
DHEAS is a weak androgen produced almost exclusively by the adrenal glands. Because its half-life is long and levels are stable through the day, DHEAS is a convenient single-sample measure of adrenal androgen output. It is mainly used to evaluate hyperandrogenism in women (hirsutism, virilization, PCOS vs. adrenal causes) and to screen for adrenal tumors. DHEAS declines with age in both sexes — a process sometimes called 'adrenopause.'
Reference Ranges
Male
80 – 560
µg/dL
Female
35 – 430
µg/dL
Child
Consult pediatrician
Reference ranges may vary by laboratory. Always compare with the range printed on your lab report.
What Low Levels Mean
Low DHEAS is common with age and generally does not need treatment. Markedly low DHEAS with other features of adrenal insufficiency (fatigue, low blood pressure, salt craving, hyperpigmentation) may support adrenal insufficiency — the workup relies on cortisol and ACTH, not DHEAS alone. DHEA supplementation for low DHEAS is controversial and not broadly recommended.
What High Levels Mean
Mild elevation (up to 1.5–2× upper limit) is common in PCOS and usually benign. Markedly elevated DHEAS (>700 µg/dL in women) raises suspicion for adrenal tumor (adenoma or carcinoma), especially with rapid-onset virilization — imaging the adrenals is the next step. Non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-hydroxylase deficiency) can also raise DHEAS along with 17-OH progesterone.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is DHEAS measured for hirsutism?
To distinguish ovarian from adrenal causes of hyperandrogenism. Mild DHEAS elevation points toward PCOS or idiopathic hirsutism; markedly elevated DHEAS points toward adrenal pathology. Together with total testosterone, 17-OHP, and clinical features, DHEAS helps narrow the cause and decide on imaging and treatment.
Is declining DHEAS with age a problem?
DHEAS declines steadily from about age 30 and this is a normal physiological change. Large trials of DHEA supplementation have shown no clear benefit for mood, bone density, or quality of life in healthy older adults. Supplementation is not recommended outside specific situations (documented adrenal insufficiency).
When should adrenal imaging be done?
A DHEAS above 700 µg/dL in women, especially with rapid-onset virilization, deepening voice, or new frontal balding, warrants adrenal imaging (CT or MRI) to rule out an adrenal tumor. Gradual mild elevations with PCOS features rarely need imaging; focus on clinical management of symptoms instead.
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nmol/LThis information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor for interpretation of your test results.
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